What process is characterized as an exothermic reaction?

Respiration is characterized as an exothermic reaction because it involves the breakdown of glucose molecules in the presence of oxygen to release energy. This process occurs in the cells of living organisms and is essential for generating the energy required for various biological functions. During respiration, energy is released in the form of heat as well as in a usable form (ATP), which is vital for maintaining life processes.

In contrast, photosynthesis, which takes place in plants, is an endothermic reaction because it requires energy from sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. Transpiration is the process by which water is absorbed by roots and lost to the atmosphere from plant leaves, and it does not involve energy release in the sense of an exothermic reaction. Cell division involves complex processes that require energy input, making it not an exothermic reaction as well.