Which condition is NOT necessary for germination to occur?

Germination is the process by which a seed develops into a new plant. For this process to occur, several conditions must be met. Water is crucial for activating the enzymes that start the metabolic processes necessary for growth. Oxygen is also vital, as seeds need it for respiration, which provides the energy required for growth. A suitable temperature is necessary because it affects the rate of biochemical reactions; too cold or too hot can inhibit growth or even kill the seed.

Sunlight, however, is not required for germination itself. Seeds can germinate in the dark, as their initial growth relies on the energy stored within the seed rather than photosynthesis, which requires sunlight. Once the seed has germinated and the seedling starts to grow leaves, then sunlight becomes important for further growth and development. This highlights that while water, oxygen, and temperature are immediate needs for germination, sunlight is not essential at that initial stage.